{"id":4484,"date":"2026-07-29T17:01:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T15:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/?post_type=guide-dutilisateur&#038;p=4484"},"modified":"2026-07-30T10:32:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T08:32:38","slug":"statistique-t%c2%b2-de-hotelling","status":"publish","type":"guide-dutilisateur","link":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guide-dutilisateur\/statistique-t%c2%b2-de-hotelling\/","title":{"rendered":"Estad\u00edstica T\u00b2 de Hotelling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le T\u00b2 r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une question de pilotage :&nbsp;<strong>cette pi\u00e8ce est-elle conforme, toutes caract\u00e9ristiques prises ensemble ?<\/strong>Une pi\u00e8ce peut \u00eatre dans la tol\u00e9rance sur chaque cote et rester atypique par leur combinaison \u2014 c&rsquo;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ce que la surveillance cote par cote laisse passer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le T\u00b2 mesure la distance de chaque individu au centre du nuage, en tenant compte des corr\u00e9lations entre caract\u00e9ristiques (distance de Mahalanobis). Le graphique ressemble \u00e0 une carte de contr\u00f4le : une valeur, une limite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zona 1<\/strong>&nbsp;: les options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1.png 964w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1-768x449.png 768w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Apprentissage de \/ \u00e0<\/strong>&nbsp;: les lignes qui servent \u00e0 \u00e9tablir la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (moyenne et matrice de covariance). Les autres sont compar\u00e9es \u00e0 cette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Type T2<\/strong>&nbsp;: la m\u00e9thode de calcul de la limite \u2014 Sullivan, Classique ou Chi2 ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>risque alpha<\/strong>&nbsp;: le risque de fausse alarme ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Limite fig\u00e9e<\/strong>&nbsp;: impose une limite plut\u00f4t que de la recalculer ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Eliminer les valeurs aberrantes<\/strong>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<strong>Eliminer les valeurs hors T\u00b2<\/strong>&nbsp;: nettoient l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;apprentissage, pour que la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ne soit pas \u00e9tablie sur des points atypiques ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Rechercher des groupes<\/strong>&nbsp;: identifie les points hors limite proches entre eux, et les colore par groupe. Des points qui sortent de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on d\u00e9signent une cause commune ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Echelle Logarithmique<\/strong>&nbsp;: lisible quand un point domine tous les autres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zona 2<\/strong>&nbsp;: le nuage associ\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1.png 642w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1-300x264.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2 Avec&nbsp;<strong>2 variables<\/strong>, il affiche les individus et l&rsquo;<strong>ellipse de confiance<\/strong>&nbsp;: la fronti\u00e8re de conformit\u00e9 multivari\u00e9e. C&rsquo;est la repr\u00e9sentation la plus parlante ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2 Avec&nbsp;<strong>3 variables<\/strong>, le nuage en trois dimensions ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Au-del\u00e0 de 3 variables<\/strong>, les individus sont projet\u00e9s dans le plan factoriel de l&rsquo;ACP, seule repr\u00e9sentation possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;Un T\u00b2 qui sort sans qu&rsquo;aucune caract\u00e9ristique ne soit hors tol\u00e9rance est le cas int\u00e9ressant : la combinaison a chang\u00e9. Passer \u00e0 l&rsquo;ACP pour voir quelle liaison a boug\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":70,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"menu-guide-dutilisateur":[40],"class_list":["post-4484","guide-dutilisateur","type-guide-dutilisateur","status-publish","hentry","menu-guide-dutilisateur-6-statistiques-multivariees"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Statistique T\u00b2 de Hotelling - Ellistat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guia-del-usuario\/statistique-t\u00b2-de-hotelling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Statistique T\u00b2 de Hotelling - Ellistat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le T\u00b2 r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une question de pilotage :&nbsp;cette pi\u00e8ce est-elle conforme, toutes caract\u00e9ristiques prises ensemble ?Une pi\u00e8ce peut \u00eatre dans la tol\u00e9rance sur chaque cote et rester atypique par leur combinaison \u2014 c&rsquo;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ce que la surveillance cote par cote laisse passer. 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