{"id":4484,"date":"2026-07-29T17:01:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T15:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/?post_type=guide-dutilisateur&#038;p=4484"},"modified":"2026-07-30T10:32:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T08:32:38","slug":"estadistica-t%c2%b2-de-hotelling","status":"publish","type":"guide-dutilisateur","link":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guide-dutilisateur\/statistique-t%c2%b2-de-hotelling\/","title":{"rendered":"Estad\u00edstica T\u00b2 de Hotelling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El T\u00b2 responde a una cuesti\u00f3n de gesti\u00f3n:&nbsp;<strong>\u00bfCumple esta pieza con los requisitos, teniendo en cuenta todas sus caracter\u00edsticas en su conjunto?<\/strong>Una pieza puede estar dentro de la tolerancia en cada cota y, sin embargo, resultar at\u00edpica por la combinaci\u00f3n de todas ellas; eso es precisamente lo que se pasa por alto con la supervisi\u00f3n cota por cota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La T\u00b2 mide la distancia de cada individuo al centro de la nube, teniendo en cuenta las correlaciones entre caracter\u00edsticas (distancia de Mahalanobis). El gr\u00e1fico se asemeja a una carta de control: un valor, un l\u00edmite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zona 1<\/strong>&nbsp;: las opciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1.png 964w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1-768x449.png 768w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Aprendizaje de \/ a<\/strong>&nbsp;: las l\u00edneas que sirven para establecer la referencia (media y matriz de covarianza). Las dem\u00e1s se comparan con esta referencia; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Tipo T2<\/strong>&nbsp;: el m\u00e9todo de c\u00e1lculo del l\u00edmite \u2014 Sullivan, Cl\u00e1sico o Chi2; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>riesgo alfa<\/strong>&nbsp;: el riesgo de una falsa alarma; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>L\u00edmite fijo<\/strong>&nbsp;: establece un l\u00edmite en lugar de volver a calcularlo; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Eliminar los valores at\u00edpicos<\/strong>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<strong>Eliminar los valores que no forman parte de T\u00b2<\/strong>&nbsp;: limpian la muestra de entrenamiento, para que la referencia no se establezca a partir de puntos at\u00edpicos; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Buscar grupos<\/strong>&nbsp;: identifica los puntos fuera de los l\u00edmites que est\u00e1n pr\u00f3ximos entre s\u00ed y los colorea por grupos. Los puntos que se salen de la misma manera indican una causa com\u00fan; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>Escala logar\u00edtmica<\/strong>&nbsp;: legible cuando un punto destaca por encima de todos los dem\u00e1s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zona 2<\/strong>&nbsp;: la nube asociada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1.png 642w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1-300x264.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-1-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2 Con&nbsp;<strong>2 variables<\/strong>, muestra a las personas y el\u2019<strong>elipse de confianza<\/strong>&nbsp;: la frontera de conformidad multivariante. Es la representaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s elocuente; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2 Con&nbsp;<strong>3 variables<\/strong>, la nube en tres dimensiones; ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u21d2&nbsp;<strong>M\u00e1s de tres variables<\/strong>, los individuos se proyectan en el plano factorial del ACP, \u00fanica representaci\u00f3n posible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 Un T\u00b2 que sale sin que ninguna caracter\u00edstica se salga de los l\u00edmites de tolerancia es un caso interesante: la combinaci\u00f3n ha cambiado. Pasa al ACP para ver qu\u00e9 enlace se ha modificado.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":70,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"menu-guide-dutilisateur":[40],"class_list":["post-4484","guide-dutilisateur","type-guide-dutilisateur","status-publish","hentry","menu-guide-dutilisateur-6-statistiques-multivariees"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Statistique T\u00b2 de Hotelling - Ellistat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guia-del-usuario\/estadistica-t\u00b2-de-hotelling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Statistique T\u00b2 de Hotelling - Ellistat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le T\u00b2 r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une question de pilotage :&nbsp;cette pi\u00e8ce est-elle conforme, toutes caract\u00e9ristiques prises ensemble ?Une pi\u00e8ce peut \u00eatre dans la tol\u00e9rance sur chaque cote et rester atypique par leur combinaison \u2014 c&rsquo;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ce que la surveillance cote par cote laisse passer. 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