{"id":4554,"date":"2026-08-11T10:25:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T08:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/?post_type=guide-dutilisateur&#038;p=4554"},"modified":"2026-11-06T15:48:27","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T14:48:27","slug":"las-representaciones-de-la-poblacion","status":"publish","type":"guide-dutilisateur","link":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guide-dutilisateur\/les-representations-de-population\/","title":{"rendered":"Histograma, diagrama de caja y bigotes: representar una poblaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Histograma<\/strong>\u00a0: la forma de la distribuci\u00f3n. Descentramiento, dispersi\u00f3n, bimodalidad: una distribuci\u00f3n con dos picos suele indicar casi siempre una mezcla de dos poblaciones.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"786\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme.png 964w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme-768x626.png 768w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se puede elegir si se desea que el eje X sea independiente para cada histograma, que sea el mismo para todos o que todos los histogramas est\u00e9n apilados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Caja para bigotes<\/strong>\u00a0: la mediana, los cuartiles y el rango. Es la representaci\u00f3n de la\u00a0<strong>comparaci\u00f3n<\/strong>\u00a0: varias casillas situadas una al lado de otra se pueden ver de un solo vistazo, mientras que varios histogramas se tapan entre s\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u00ednea<\/strong>\u00a0: los valores en el orden de toma de muestras. La cronolog\u00eda que el histograma no refleja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tarjeta de control<\/strong>\u00a0: la l\u00ednea, con sus l\u00edmites de control y las reglas de detecci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diagrama de ogiva<\/strong>\u00a0: la distribuci\u00f3n acumulada. Responde directamente a la pregunta \u00ab\u00bfqu\u00e9 proporci\u00f3n se encuentra por debajo de tal valor?\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme2.png 964w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme2-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme2-768x454.png 768w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/histogramme2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mejor que la actual<\/strong>\u00a0: compara de forma no param\u00e9trica dos o m\u00e1s modalidades<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Curva ROC<\/strong>\u00a0: eval\u00faa la capacidad de una medida cuantitativa para distinguir entre dos categor\u00edas y proporciona el umbral \u00f3ptimo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1\u00a0<strong>El histograma y la caja de bigotes no responden a la misma pregunta.<\/strong>\u00a0El histograma describe una poblaci\u00f3n en detalle; la caja compara varias poblaciones. Ante dos grupos, empieza por las cajas y, a continuaci\u00f3n, abre el histograma del grupo sospechoso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u26a0\ufe0f\u00a0<strong>Datos emparejados.<\/strong>\u00a0Si tus dos series corresponden a dos mediciones de las mismas piezas \u2014antes y despu\u00e9s del tratamiento\u2014 realizadas con dos instrumentos sobre las mismas muestras, debes indicarlo en el \u00abTipo de comparaci\u00f3n\u00bb. La prueba pareada es mucho m\u00e1s potente, ya que elimina la variabilidad entre piezas. Tratar datos pareados como si fueran independientes suele llevar a concluir que \u00abno hay diferencias\u00bb, cuando en realidad la diferencia es clara.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La curva ROC en la pr\u00e1ctica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/courbeROC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/courbeROC.png 964w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/courbeROC-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/courbeROC-768x521.png 768w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/courbeROC-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ella responde: \u00bfEsta medida permite tomar una decisi\u00f3n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Por ejemplo, \u00bfpermite un valor de vibraci\u00f3n distinguir los rodamientos que van a fallar de los que aguantar\u00e1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cuanto m\u00e1s se aleja la curva de la diagonal hacia la esquina superior izquierda, mejor es la separaci\u00f3n; ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El\u2019<strong>\u00e1rea bajo la curva (AUC)<\/strong>\u00a0resume esta capacidad en una cifra: 0,5 significa \u00abno mejor que el azar\u00bb, y 1, una separaci\u00f3n perfecta; ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El umbral propuesto equilibra los dos errores: pasar por alto un defecto y rechazar una pieza en buen estado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1 El umbral adecuado depende de&nbsp;<strong>coste<\/strong>&nbsp;de ambos errores, que rara vez es sim\u00e9trica. El umbral estad\u00edsticamente \u00f3ptimo no siempre es el umbral econ\u00f3micamente \u00f3ptimo: te corresponde a ti ajustarlo con conocimiento de causa.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":60,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"menu-guide-dutilisateur":[21],"class_list":["post-4554","guide-dutilisateur","type-guide-dutilisateur","status-publish","hentry","menu-guide-dutilisateur-3-graphiques"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Histogramme, bo\u00eete \u00e0 moustaches : repr\u00e9senter une population - Ellistat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Histogramme, bo\u00eete \u00e0 moustaches, nuage de points : repr\u00e9senter la distribution d&#039;une population et comparer des groupes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guia-del-usuario\/las-representaciones-de-la-poblacion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Histogramme, bo\u00eete \u00e0 moustaches : repr\u00e9senter une population - 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