{"id":4590,"date":"2026-08-11T11:49:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T09:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/?post_type=guide-dutilisateur&#038;p=4590"},"modified":"2026-08-11T11:49:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T09:49:11","slug":"potencia","status":"publish","type":"guide-dutilisateur","link":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/","title":{"rendered":"Potencia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La potencia es la probabilidad de&nbsp;<strong>detectar una discrepancia que realmente existe<\/strong>. Su complemento es el&nbsp;<strong>riesgo beta<\/strong>&nbsp;: pasar por alto una diferencia real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta p\u00e1gina relaciona cuatro magnitudes, tres de las cuales determinan la cuarta:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la\u00a0<strong>tama\u00f1o de la muestra<\/strong>\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la\u00a0<strong>diferencia comprobada<\/strong>\u00a0: la diferencia que quieres poder detectar; ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la dispersi\u00f3n: <strong>sigma<\/strong>, o el\u00a0<strong>ratio de sigma<\/strong>\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>los\u00a0<strong>riesgos<\/strong>\u00a0alfa y beta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pruebas incluidas:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prueba Z<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0<strong>Prueba T<\/strong>\u00a0frente a un valor te\u00f3rico,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prueba T<\/strong>\u00a0para comparar dos medias,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prueba T emparejada<\/strong>,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ANOVA<\/strong>\u00a0para varias medias,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prueba de chi-cuadrado<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0<strong>Prueba F<\/strong>\u00a0sobre las desviaciones t\u00edpicas,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prueba 1P<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0<strong>Prueba 2P<\/strong>\u00a0sobre las proporciones. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Una secci\u00f3n trata sobre el\u00a0<strong>plan de experimentos 2k<\/strong>, en funci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de factores, del n\u00famero de l\u00edneas y del n\u00famero de t\u00e9rminos de segundo orden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ejemplo: calcular el tama\u00f1o de la muestra necesario para demostrar una diferencia de 15% a 5% entre dos lotes: (respuesta: 111 unidades en cada lote)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"892\" height=\"762\" src=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance.png 892w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance-300x256.png 300w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance-768x656.png 768w, https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<strong>Esta es la p\u00e1gina que hay que abrir antes de la prueba, no despu\u00e9s.<\/strong>&nbsp;Responde a la pregunta \u00ab\u00bfcu\u00e1ntas muestras debo medir?\u00bb, cuya respuesta condiciona todo lo dem\u00e1s. Realizar un ensayo con un tama\u00f1o de muestra insuficiente garantiza una conclusi\u00f3n \u00abno significativa\u00bb que no demostrar\u00e1 nada y que habr\u00e1 que repetir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u26a0\ufe0f La consecuencia es desagradable, pero \u00fatil: detectar una peque\u00f1a desviaci\u00f3n sale caro. Si se reduce a la mitad la desviaci\u00f3n detectable, se multiplica por cuatro el tama\u00f1o de la muestra necesaria. Es mejor saberlo antes de iniciar los ensayos.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":50,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"menu-guide-dutilisateur":[23],"class_list":["post-4590","guide-dutilisateur","type-guide-dutilisateur","status-publish","hentry","menu-guide-dutilisateur-5-statistiques-inferentielles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Puissance - Ellistat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Combien de pi\u00e8ces mesurer pour d\u00e9tecter un \u00e9cart r\u00e9el ? Le calcul de puissance statistique et de taille d&#039;\u00e9chantillon, avant de lancer l&#039;essai.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guia-del-usuario\/potencia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Puissance - Ellistat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Combien de pi\u00e8ces mesurer pour d\u00e9tecter un \u00e9cart r\u00e9el ? Le calcul de puissance statistique et de taille d&#039;\u00e9chantillon, avant de lancer l&#039;essai.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guia-del-usuario\/potencia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ellistat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"892\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"762\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minuto\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/\",\"name\":\"Puissance - Ellistat\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/puissance.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-11T09:49:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"Combien de pi\u00e8ces mesurer pour d\u00e9tecter un \u00e9cart r\u00e9el ? Le calcul de puissance statistique et de taille d'\u00e9chantillon, avant de lancer l'essai.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/puissance.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/puissance.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/guide-dutilisateur\\\/puissance\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Puissance\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ellistat\",\"description\":\"La suite qualit\u00e9 de l&#039;industrie m\u00e9canique\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ellistat.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Potencia - Ellistat","description":"\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas piezas hay que medir para detectar una diferencia real? El c\u00e1lculo de la potencia estad\u00edstica y del tama\u00f1o de la muestra, antes de iniciar el ensayo.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guia-del-usuario\/potencia\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Puissance - Ellistat","og_description":"Combien de pi\u00e8ces mesurer pour d\u00e9tecter un \u00e9cart r\u00e9el ? Le calcul de puissance statistique et de taille d'\u00e9chantillon, avant de lancer l'essai.","og_url":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/guia-del-usuario\/potencia\/","og_site_name":"Ellistat","og_image":[{"width":892,"height":762,"url":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tiempo de lectura":"1 minuto"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/","url":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/","name":"Potencia - Ellistat","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance.png","datePublished":"2026-08-11T09:49:11+00:00","description":"\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas piezas hay que medir para detectar una diferencia real? El c\u00e1lculo de la potencia estad\u00edstica y del tama\u00f1o de la muestra, antes de iniciar el ensayo.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/puissance.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/guide-dutilisateur\/puissance\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Puissance"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/","name":"Ellistat","description":"La suite de calidad para la industria de la ingenier\u00eda mec\u00e1nica","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/guide-dutilisateur\/4590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/guide-dutilisateur"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/guide-dutilisateur"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"menu-guide-dutilisateur","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/menu-guide-dutilisateur?post=4590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}