{"id":4385,"date":"2026-05-25T10:30:18","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/?p=4385"},"modified":"2026-05-27T10:32:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T08:32:05","slug":"confrontare-le-distribuzioni-del-test-di-cramer-von-mises-e-del-test-energetico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/it\/comparer-des-distributions-test-de-cramer-von-mises-et-test-energie\/","title":{"rendered":"Confronto tra distribuzioni: test di Cram\u00e9r-von Mises e test di Energia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Confrontare le distribuzioni piuttosto che le medie: un progresso fondamentale per il controllo di qualit\u00e0 grazie ai test di Cram\u00e9e-von Mises e di Energia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Due lotti di pezzi. Stessa media. Stessa deviazione standard apparente. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Le medie e le varianze sono praticamente identiche, ma intuitivamente si percepisce una differenza tra le due macchine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuttavia, i test di ipotesi convenzionali non mostrano alcuna differenza tra le due distribuzioni.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ma la media e la varianza raccontano solo una parte della storia di un processo di lavorazione. Per rilevare differenze reali tra gruppi di misure, tra due fornitori, due macchine, due squadre, due periodi di produzione... \u00e8 necessario confrontare le distribuzioni complete. Questo \u00e8 esattamente ci\u00f2 che fanno due test statistici integrati in Analisi dei dati Ellistat<\/a> test: il Cram\u00e9r-von Mises<\/a> e il test energetico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il test di Cram\u00e9r-von Mises<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Questo test confronta :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • o un campione con una distribuzione teorica<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • o due campioni tra loro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Il principio:<\/strong> il test confronta le funzioni di distribuzione cumulativa (ogive) delle due distribuzioni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In altre parole, misura \u00abquanto sono distanti le curve cumulative\u00bb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Se le due distribuzioni sono vicine, le testate si sovrappongono. Se differiscono, il divario cumulativo aumenta.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Il test energetico<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Questo test generalizza questo approccio a diversi gruppi. \u00c8 particolarmente adatto quando :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • vengono confrontate pi\u00f9 di due popolazioni<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • le distribuzioni sono sconosciute<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • i dati sono multidimensionali<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Il principio <\/strong>Il test si basa su un'idea intuitiva: confrontare le distanze tra i punti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Misura :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • distanze medie all'interno dei gruppi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • allora le distanze tra i gruppi <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Se i gruppi provengono dalla stessa distribuzione, le distanze intra e intergruppo sono simili. In caso contrario, le distanze tra i gruppi diventano maggiori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cosa significa in pratica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Confrontare due fornitori su un diametro critico. Convalidare un cambiamento di impostazione della macchina. Analizzare un prima\/dopo su un processo instabile. Differenziare due centri di lavoro che producono gli stessi pezzi... nell'aspetto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        In tutti questi casi, guardare solo alla media e alla varianza pu\u00f2 essere fuorviante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Il confronto delle distribuzioni complete fornisce un quadro fedele di ci\u00f2 che sta realmente accadendo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nel modulo di analisi dei dati di Ellistat, questi test sono abbinati a visualizzazioni: ogive, KDE, istogrammi sovrapposti, perch\u00e9 un valore p senza un contesto visivo non convince nessuno nel workshop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        L'obiettivo non \u00e8 produrre un risultato statistico, ma capire perch\u00e9 due processi si comportano in modo diverso e intervenire.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Comparer les distributions plut\u00f4t que les moyennes : une avanc\u00e9e cl\u00e9 pour le contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce aux test de Cram\u00e9e-von Mises et test Energie Deux lots de pi\u00e8ces. M\u00eame moyenne. M\u00eame \u00e9cart-type apparent. Les moyennes et les variances sont ici sensiblement identiques, et pourtant, intuitivement, on peut sentir une diff\u00e9rence entre ces deux machines. Les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComparer des distributions : Test de Cram\u00e9r\u2013von Mises et test Energie - Ellistat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Moyenne identique, qualit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rente : d\u00e9couvrez pourquoi comparer les distributions compl\u00e8tes est plus fiable que la moyenne ou la variance.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ellistat.com\/it\/confrontare-le-distribuzioni-del-test-di-cramer-von-mises-e-del-test-energetico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comparer des distributions : Test de Cram\u00e9r\u2013von Mises et test Energie - 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